When you import products from outside the EU, especially from China, there are important things to consider. From delivery terms to import duties – this guide will help you get started.
Incoterms
Incoterms are standardized delivery terms established by the International Chamber of Commerce. They define the responsibility for transportation, costs, and risks between the buyer and the seller.
Explanation of Incoterms
There are 11 official incoterms, divided into two categories: those applicable to all modes of transport and those exclusively for water transport.
For all modes of transport:
- EXW (Ex-works): The seller makes the goods available at their location. All transportation and risk are for the buyer.
- DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): The seller delivers the goods fully cleared at the agreed destination. All costs and risks are for the seller.
- FCA (Free Carrier): The seller delivers the goods to a carrier designated by the buyer.
- CPT (Carriage Paid To): The seller pays for transportation to the destination, but the risk passes to the buyer upon delivery to the first carrier.
- CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): As CPT, but including insurance by the seller.
- DAT (Delivery at Terminal): Delivery to a terminal (port, airport) at the destination.
- DAP (Delivery at Place): Delivery to an agreed place, not cleared.
Exclusively for water transport:
- FAS (Free Alongside Ship): Delivery alongside the ship in the port of shipment.
- FOB (Free on Board): Delivery on board the ship.
- CFR (Cost and Freight): Costs and freight to the port of destination for the seller's account.
- CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight): As CFR, including insurance.
Costs you need to consider
Import duties (Customs duties)
Products under €22 are exempt from duties and BTW. Between €22-€150, BTW and clearance costs apply. Above €150, import duties also apply.
Import duties vary per product and country of origin. Check the specific rates for your product category.
Clearance costs
These are administrative costs charged by transport companies for handling customs formalities.
BTW
You pay 21% BTW on imported goods. This is calculated over the value of the goods plus transportation and insurance costs.
Insurance
Importers are considered manufacturers under EU law and must have product liability insurance. This protects you against claims if something is wrong with your product.
Practical tips
- Use online calculators (such as estartup.nl/invoercalculator) to calculate your total import costs in advance.
- Always ask your supplier for CE documentation if required for your product.
- Start with small orders to test the quality and reliability of your supplier.
- Take into account longer delivery times, especially around Chinese New Year.
Conclusion
Importing from China can be very profitable, but it requires good preparation. Know your incoterms, calculate all costs in advance, and ensure you have the right documentation. With the right knowledge, you can successfully import products for your bol.com business.
